An environmental friendly enrichment method for microextraction of cadmium and lead in groundwater samples: Impact on biological sample of children

Chemosphere
Rafia ShaikhJameel Ahmed Baig

Abstract

A novel ionic liquid-based vortex assisted dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction procedure(IL-VADLLμE) was proposed for the enrichment of toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in different types of water samples, domestic treated and groundwater (tube well and hand pump). Whereas, the concentration of both toxic metals was also determined in the scalp hair of children (age ranged 1-3 years), drinking contaminated groundwater termed as exposed group, whereas for comparative purposes scalp hair of age matched children consumed domestically treated water, named as non-exposed group. To preconcentrate the trace levels of Cd and Pb, a green chelating agent, l-cysteine (2-amino-3-sulfhydrylpropanoic acid) was used for complexation, an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM] [PF6] utilized as extractant and hexafluorophosphate ion (PF6-) as anion pairing agent, which facilitate the enrichment of hydrophobic complexes of analytes into the acceptor phase. Various operative features for the IL-VADLLμE method like pH of standards/samples, volume of ionic liquid and sample solution, concentration of ligand, ion pair reagent and ionic liquid, vortex and electrical shaking time (for comparative purpose), w...Continue Reading

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