An expanding world of new psychoactive substances-designer benzodiazepines

Neurotoxicology
Jolanta B Zawilska, Jakub Wojcieszak

Abstract

The abuse of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has been increasing dramatically since the late 2000s worldwide. Between 2009 and 2017, a total of 803 individual NPS were reported to the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime by 111 countries and territories. Although the most popular compounds are synthetic cannabinomimetics and psychostimulatory derivatives of cathinone (so-called β-keto-amphetamines), novel benzodiazepines have recently emerged on the recreational drug market. The misuse/abuse of "designer benzodiazepines" (DBZD), a common name for the benzodiazepine class NPS, has become an increasing problem in many countries. The DBZD group includes pharmaceutical drug candidates that have never been approved for medical use, compounds that were synthesized by a simple structural modification of a registered drug, and some active metabolites of registered benzodiazepines. This survey presents members of the DBZD group, describes the epidemiological trends and clinical effects associated with DBZD use, and discusses available data on their metabolism. Special emphasis is given to cases of intoxications involving these compounds.

Citations

Apr 4, 2020·Drug and Alcohol Review·Suzanne Nielsen, Andrew McAuley
May 6, 2020·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Gunhild HeideÅse Marit Leere Øiestad
Jun 17, 2020·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Donna M PapsunBarry K Logan
Feb 26, 2020·Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy·Francisco Herrera-GómezF Javier Álvarez
Apr 7, 2020·Archives of Toxicology·Dino Luethi, Matthias E Liechti
Aug 12, 2020·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Kathleen RiceStephen Morley
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Chemistry·Timothée JoyeAurélien Thomas
Jan 9, 2021·Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology·Abu ShafiDerek K Tracy
Apr 3, 2020·Neurotoxicology·Anne BatisseUNKNOWN French Addictovigilance Network
May 18, 2021·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Stefania ChiappiniGiovanni Martinotti
Jul 3, 2021·Pharmaceuticals·Pietro BrunettiFrancesco Paolo Busardò

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