An experimental investigation of evolutionary dynamics in the Rock-Paper-Scissors game

Scientific Reports
Moshe HoffmanMartin A Nowak

Abstract

Game theory describes social behaviors in humans and other biological organisms. By far, the most powerful tool available to game theorists is the concept of a Nash Equilibrium (NE), which is motivated by perfect rationality. NE specifies a strategy for everyone, such that no one would benefit by deviating unilaterally from his/her strategy. Another powerful tool available to game theorists are evolutionary dynamics (ED). Motivated by evolutionary and learning processes, ED specify changes in strategies over time in a population, such that more successful strategies typically become more frequent. A simple game that illustrates interesting ED is the generalized Rock-Paper-Scissors (RPS) game. The RPS game extends the children's game to situations where winning or losing can matter more or less relative to tying. Here we investigate experimentally three RPS games, where the NE is always to randomize with equal probability, but the evolutionary stability of this strategy changes. Consistent with the prediction of ED we find that aggregate behavior is far away from NE when it is evolutionarily unstable. Our findings add to the growing literature that demonstrates the predictive validity of ED in large-scale incentivized laboratory...Continue Reading

References

Sep 15, 1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J K Goeree, C A Holt
Mar 17, 2004·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Charles A Holt, Alvin E Roth
Nov 3, 2005·Psychological Review·Ido Erev, Greg Barron
Jan 1, 1950·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J F Nash
Jan 24, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·David G RandMartin A Nowak
Jul 16, 2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ido Erev, Alvin E Roth

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Citations

Jul 26, 2014·Scientific Reports·Zhijian WangHai-Jun Zhou
Dec 12, 2019·Proceedings. Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences·Johann BauerEduardo Alonso
Sep 18, 2021·Journal of Theoretical Biology·Jakob Stenseke

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