An innovative spectroelectrochemical reflection cell for rapid protein electrochemistry and ultraviolet/visible/infrared spectroscopy

Analytical Biochemistry
Sophie Bernad, W Mäntele

Abstract

A novel electrochemical reflection cell combining electrochemical techniques and spectroscopy which uses a solid gold working electrode as an optical mirror is described. This cell can be used at path lengths as low as a few micrometers and thus is suitable for ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) and infrared spectroscopy even for aqueous solutions and suspensions. The cell was designed for small sample volumes of only a few microliters, thus reducing the effort for sample preparation. Due to the short path length of some micrometers, the entire volume is within the Nernst diffusion layer, hence resulting in fast equilibration. Evaluation of the technique is described with direct electrochemistry of horse heart cytochrome c at the gold electrode modified with 4,4'-dithiodipyridine. Cyclic voltammograms indicate rapid and reversible electrochemistry with the correct midpoint potential (52 mV vs Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl). Chronoamperometry and coulometry confirm rapid and complete oxidation and reduction; the cell volume can be entirely fully reduced within less than 10-20 s. Spectroscopy in the UV/Vis region, with potentials at the working electrode stepped between -390 and 390 mV, show perfect titration of the cytochrome c heme bands. A Nernst...Continue Reading

References

Apr 13, 1977·Journal of the American Chemical Society·D LexaJ Zickler
Mar 1, 1979·Analytical Biochemistry·C W AndersonW R Heineman
Apr 27, 1977·Journal of the American Chemical Society·H L LandrumF M Hawkridge
Feb 27, 1992·Nature·C C MoserP L Dutton

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