An Integrated Approach to Optimizing Cellulose Mercerization

Polymers
Monica FerroAndrea Mele

Abstract

An integrated approach, based on quantitative transmission mode powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) combined with multivariate statistical analysis, has been applied to cellulose obtained from three different sources to correlate the mercerization degree and crystallinity with the cellulose type, temperature, and reaction time. The effects of the experimental conditions on the two outcomes were studied by design of experiments (DoE) and surface responding analysis (SRA) combined with principal component analysis (PCA). SRA showed a marked influence of the type of cellulose (wood cellulose from the kraft vs. sulfite process, WCK vs. WCS) on the conversion of cellulose I to cellulose II (CII%) during mercerization. A counterintuitive simultaneous effect of temperature and cellulose type was also highlighted. The data elaboration in the form of response surface plots provided an easy predictive tool for the optimum conditions to maximize the conversion. The simulation reported for WCK showed maximum conversion (96%) at 70 °C in 24 h with 18%wt NaOH.

References

Mar 1, 1976·Macromolecules·F J Kolpak, J Blackwell
Dec 26, 2001·Biomacromolecules·P LanganH Chanzy
Aug 1, 2002·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Yoshiharu NishiyamaHenri Chanzy
Apr 30, 2005·Angewandte Chemie·Dieter KlemmAndreas Bohn
Jan 20, 1984·Science·R H Atalla, D L Vanderhart
Feb 6, 2009·Biotechnology Progress·Carl-Fredrik Mandenius, Anders Brundin
Jul 6, 2013·Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications·Takashi Tanimoto, Takato Nakano
Jun 26, 2014·The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology·David L HornSanjay R Parikh
Apr 7, 2015·Carbohydrate Polymers·Xiaohui JuXiao Zhang
Sep 8, 2016·Current Protocols in Bioinformatics·Jianguo Xia, David S Wishart
Apr 2, 2017·Carbohydrate Polymers·Diana Carolina Albán ReyesOla Sundman
Nov 24, 2018·Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials·Mousa YounesiOzan Akkus

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 10, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Stefano NejrottiCristina Prandi
Feb 27, 2021·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Francesca SbardellaFabrizio Sarasini

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
chemical modifications
scanning
X-ray
PCA

Software Mentioned

Fityk
Metaboanalyst
Statgraphics Centurion

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.