An Intelligent and Low-Cost Eye-Tracking System for Motorized Wheelchair Control.

Sensors
Mahmoud DahmaniSerkan Kiranyaz

Abstract

In the 34 developed and 156 developing countries, there are ~132 million disabled people who need a wheelchair, constituting 1.86% of the world population. Moreover, there are millions of people suffering from diseases related to motor disabilities, which cause inability to produce controlled movement in any of the limbs or even head. This paper proposes a system to aid people with motor disabilities by restoring their ability to move effectively and effortlessly without having to rely on others utilizing an eye-controlled electric wheelchair. The system input is images of the user's eye that are processed to estimate the gaze direction and the wheelchair was moved accordingly. To accomplish such a feat, four user-specific methods were developed, implemented, and tested; all of which were based on a benchmark database created by the authors. The first three techniques were automatic, employ correlation, and were variants of template matching, whereas the last one uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Different metrics to quantitatively evaluate the performance of each algorithm in terms of accuracy and latency were computed and overall comparison is presented. CNN exhibited the best performance (i.e., 99.3% classification ...Continue Reading

References

Apr 29, 2015·Frontiers in Neuroengineering·Amir-Homayoun JavadiLili Tcheang
Jun 14, 2017·Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics : the Official Journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society·Katarzyna Harezlak, Pawel Kasprowski
Oct 20, 2018·Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine·Yassine RabhiFarhat Fnaiech
May 17, 2019·Sensors·Jin ZhangXiang Zhong
Aug 10, 2019·Muscle & Nerve·Michael A ElliottJames M Scanlan

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
feature extraction

Software Mentioned

Starburst
Ellipse selector ElSe
SET
OpenMP ( Open Multi - Processing )
open computer vision ( OpenCV )
Exclusive Curve Selector ExCuSe
Gi4E
Fusion 360
Visual Studio

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