An inter-country comparison of unofficial payments: results of a health sector social audit in the Baltic States.

BMC Health Services Research
Anne CockcroftRobert J Ledogar

Abstract

Cross-country comparisons of unofficial payments in the health sector are sparse. In 2002 we conducted a social audit of the health sector of the three Baltic States. Some 10,320 household interviews from a stratified, last-stage-random, sample of 30 clusters per country, together with institutional reviews, produced preliminary results. Separate focus groups of service users, nurses and doctors interpreted these findings. Stakeholder workshops in each country discussed the survey and focus group results. Nearly one half of the respondents did not consider unofficial payments to health workers to be corruption, yet one half (Estonia 43%, Latvia 45%, Lithuania 64%) thought the level of corruption in government health services was high. Very few (Estonia 1%, Latvia 3%, Lithuania 8%) admitted to making unofficial payments in their last contact with the services. Around 14% of household members across the three countries gave gifts in their last contact with government services. This social audit allowed comparison of perceptions, attitudes and experience regarding unofficial payments in the health services of the three Baltic States. Estonia showed least corruption. Latvia was in the middle. Lithuania evidenced the most unofficial...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 25, 2008·European Journal of Public Health·Julia S O'Connor, Vaida Bankauskaite
Mar 2, 2012·BMC Health Services Research·Sergio Paredes-SolísNeil Andersson
Mar 2, 2012·BMC Health Services Research·Steven MitchellNeil Andersson
Mar 2, 2012·BMC Health Services Research·Anne CockcroftNeil Andersson
Aug 22, 2008·Croatian Medical Journal·Karmen Loncarek
Jun 25, 2015·Health Policy and Planning·Laetitia C RispelSharon Fonn
Oct 9, 2014·Health Expectations : an International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy·Tetiana StepurkoWim Groot
Dec 15, 2012·The International Journal of Health Planning and Management·Tetiana StepurkoWim Groot
Aug 19, 2014·The International Journal of Health Planning and Management·Hyacinthe Tchewonpi KankeuMohammad Abu-Zaineh
Jan 3, 2013·Health Expectations : an International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy·Marzena TamborWim Groot
Feb 16, 2013·Health Policy·Răzvan M CherecheşIoana A Rus
Oct 28, 2017·The International Journal of Health Planning and Management·Abdolvahed KhodamoradiReza Majdzadeh
Jan 7, 2020·BMC Health Services Research·Arefeh PourtalebAli Akhavan Behbahani

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