An iso-15 : 0 O-alkylglycerol moiety is the key structure of the E-signal in Myxococcus xanthus

Microbiology
Tilman AhrendtHelge B Bode

Abstract

The E-signal is one of five intercellular signals (named A- to E-signal) guiding fruiting body development in Myxococcus xanthus, and it has been shown to be a combination of the branched-chain fatty acid (FA) iso-15 : 0 and the diacylmonoalkyl ether lipid TG1. Developmental mutants HB015 (Δbkd MXAN_4265::kan) and elbD (MXAN_1528::kan) are blocked at different stages of fruiting body and spore formation as they cannot form the required iso-FA or the actual ether lipid, respectively. In order to define the structural basis of the E-signal, different mono- and triglycerides containing ether or ester bonds were synthesized and used for complementation of these mutants. Here, the monoalkylglyceride dl-1-O-(13-methyltetradecyl)glycerol exhibited comparably high levels of complementation in both mutants, restoring fruiting body and spore formation, identifying iso-15 : 0 O-alkylglycerol, part of the natural lipid TG1, as the 'signalophore' of E-signalling.

References

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Feb 13, 2014·MBio·Swapna BhatLawrence J Shimkets
May 13, 2014·Nature Chemical Biology·Wolfram LorenzenHelge B Bode
Jul 15, 2015·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Tilman AhrendtHelge B Bode

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Citations

Jun 16, 2016·Frontiers in Microbiology·José Muñoz-DoradoJuana Pérez
Jul 20, 2016·Journal of Molecular Biology·Daniel J Bretl, John R Kirby

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