An M2 Rather than a TH 2 Response Contributes to Better Protection against Latency Reactivation following Ocular Infection of Naive Mice with a Recombinant Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Expressing Murine Interleukin-4

Journal of Virology
Dhong Hyun Lee, Homayon Ghiasi

Abstract

We found previously that altering macrophage polarization toward M2 responses by injection of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) was more effective in reducing both primary and latent infections in mice ocularly infected with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) than M1 polarization by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) injection. Cytokines can coordinately regulate macrophage and T helper (TH) responses, with interleukin-4 (IL-4) inducing type 2 TH (TH2) as well as M2 responses and IFN-γ inducing TH1 as well as M1 responses. We have now differentiated the contributions of these immune compartments to protection against latency reactivation and corneal scarring by comparing the effects of infection with recombinant HSV-1 in which the latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene was replaced with either the IL-4 (HSV-IL-4) or IFN-γ (HSV-IFN-γ) gene using infection with the parental (LAT-negative) virus as a control. Analysis of peritoneal macrophages in vitro established that the replacement of LAT with the IL-4 or IFN-γ gene did not affect virus infectivity and promoted polarization appropriately. Protection against corneal scarring was significantly higher in mice ocularly infected with HSV-IL-4 than in those infected with HSV-IFN-γ or parental ...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1977·Survey of Ophthalmology·P S Binder
Jul 1, 1992·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·C S HsiehK M Murphy
Oct 1, 1991·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·R Tal-SingerH M Friedman
Aug 1, 1989·Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology·K S ErlichJ Mills
Sep 1, 1989·Microbiological Reviews·J G Stevens
Aug 1, 1989·Archives of Ophthalmology·T J LiesegangD M Ilstrup
Dec 1, 1988·The Journal of General Virology·S L WechslerH Ghiasi
May 1, 1974·Infection and Immunity·M L CookJ G Stevens
Jun 1, 1984·Annals of Internal Medicine·M C JordanG Miller
Mar 1, 1996·Immunology Today·T R Mosmann, S Sad
Oct 31, 1996·Nature·A K AbbasA Sher
Apr 18, 1998·Uirusu·R Mori
Dec 22, 1998·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·A J ZajacR Ahmed
Feb 16, 2000·Gene Therapy·D J FinkJ C Glorioso
Mar 24, 2000·The British Journal of Ophthalmology·H GhiasiS L Wechsler
Apr 13, 2000·Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research·J J KimD B Weiner
Jun 8, 2000·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·C D MillsA M Hill

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts