An operando X-ray diffraction study of chloroaluminate anion-graphite intercalation in aluminum batteries

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Chun-Jern PanHongjie Dai

Abstract

We investigated rechargeable aluminum (Al) batteries composed of an Al negative electrode, a graphite positive electrode, and an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte at temperatures down to -40 °C. The reversible battery discharge capacity at low temperatures could be superior to that at room temperature. In situ/operando electrochemical and synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments combined with theoretical modeling revealed stable AlCl4-/graphite intercalation up to stage 3 at low temperatures, whereas intercalation was reversible up to stage 4 at room temperature (RT). The higher-degree anion/graphite intercalation at low temperatures affords rechargeable Al battery with higher discharge voltage (up to 2.5 V, a record for Al battery) and energy density. A remarkable cycle life of >20,000 cycles at a rate of 6C (10 minutes charge time) was achievable for Al battery operating at low temperatures, corresponding to a >50-year battery life if charged/discharged once daily.

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Mar 8, 2011·Chemical Reviews·Zhenguo YangJun Liu
Apr 8, 2015·Nature·Meng-Chang LinHongjie Dai
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Citations

Jan 15, 2019·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Jie WangHaijun Yu
Nov 12, 2019·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Xing Liu, Guosheng Shi
Jan 29, 2019·Angewandte Chemie·Huicong YangFeng Li
Jun 27, 2019·Dalton Transactions : an International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry·David Muñoz-TorreroEdgar Ventosa
Jan 31, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Junnan HaoZaiping Guo
Dec 22, 2020·Chemical Society Reviews·Gang WangXinliang Feng
Jan 1, 2021·Advanced Materials·Jun MeiZongyou Yin
Jun 9, 2021·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Zhidong LiuHuiping Du
Aug 27, 2021·Nature·Guanzhou ZhuHongjie Dai
Oct 14, 2021·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Chao WangQiang Fu

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