An outbreak of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in Western afghanistan associated with exposure to wheat flour contaminated with pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

Journal of Toxicology
Faizullah KakarJawad Mofleh

Abstract

Pyrrolizidine alakloids (PAs) are known to cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Outbreaks have occurred in Western Afghanistan since 1974, the latest in February 2008. We conducted an outbreak investigation using a case-control design. Sixty-seven cases of VOD were compared with 199 community controls. Consumption of bread was strongly associated with disease (adjusted odds ratio: 35.8 [95%CI: 7.6-168.2]). Toxic doses of PA were found in plant extracts and in samples of wheat flour taken from the study area. Compared to wheat flour there was 1000 times less PA in milk and whey and in water samples the PA content was zero. Although direct analysis was not possible, contaminated wheat flour used to make bread was the likely source of PA causing the outbreak. Eating a more varied diet including meat and fruit may be protective. Prevention and control measures will rely on community awareness and agricultural interventions to ensure safety of the food supply.

References

Aug 13, 2002·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care·Klaas R Westerterp, Annelies H C Goris

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 2, 2011·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·H Wiedenfeld
Mar 2, 2011·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·R J MolyneuxJ A Edgar
Jun 3, 2014·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·Thaísa M SandiniHelenice de S Spinosa
Jul 22, 2015·Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin·Xiu-Kun WangAi-Hua Liang
Aug 30, 2012·Liver International : Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·Rolf TeschkeAxel Eickhoff
Sep 24, 2015·Chemical Research in Toxicology·Muluneh M FasheMarkku Pasanen
Feb 18, 2014·Journal of Digestive Diseases·Ji Yao Wang, Hong Gao
Sep 15, 2015·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Jakob Avi ShimshoniShimon Barel
Apr 5, 2016·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Rolf Teschke, Axel Eickhoff
Jun 24, 2015·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·Claudia LuckertAlfonso Lampen
May 16, 2015·Food Chemistry·Inga MädgeTill Beuerle
Jul 5, 2011·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Fabiana EliasIsis M Hueza
Sep 16, 2014·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Dorina BodiAnja These
Apr 30, 2016·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Christian Frenzel, Rolf Teschke
Dec 5, 2012·PloS One·Brandon J AuerbachUNKNOWN Rakai Health Sciences Program
Oct 5, 2016·Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture·Shimon BarelJakob A Shimshoni
Jan 28, 2017·Chemical Research in Toxicology·Peter P FuJakob A Shimshoni
Mar 8, 2016·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Mark I AviganLeonard B Seeff
Apr 19, 2018·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part C, Environmental Carcinogenesis & Ecotoxicology Reviews·Yan-Hong LiGe Lin
Oct 19, 2017·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part C, Environmental Carcinogenesis & Ecotoxicology Reviews·J A Shimshoni, S Barel
May 23, 2018·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Fashe MulunehRisto O Juvonen
Jan 31, 2013·Foodborne Pathogens and Disease·Lisa McCallumVirginia Hope
Mar 20, 2014·Korean Journal of Radiology : Official Journal of the Korean Radiological Society·Hua ZhouMin-ming Zhang
Aug 23, 2017·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Monique de NijsRon L A P Hoogenboom
Sep 26, 2017·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Patrick P J MulderAnja These
Feb 15, 2015·Archives of Toxicology·Felix Stickel, Daniel Shouval
Sep 30, 2015·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·Thaísa M SandiniHelenice de S Spinosa
Jul 7, 2015·Reviews in the Neurosciences·Roodabeh BahramsoltaniRoja Rahimi
Sep 2, 2020·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Patrick P J MulderRon L A P Hoogenboom
Sep 13, 2019·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Florian KaltnerChristoph Gottschalk
Dec 6, 2016·Toxins·Bryan L StegelmeierAmmon W Brown
May 19, 2020·Archives of Toxicology·Johanna EbmeyerStefanie Hessel-Pras

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical Reviews
Nan MeiTao Chen
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Michael BoppréJohn A Edgar
The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology
G BRASD C WATLER
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved