An overview of female-to-male gender-confirming surgery

Nature Reviews. Urology
Shane D MorrisonCurtis N Crane

Abstract

Gender dysphoria is estimated to occur in approximately 25 million people worldwide, and can have severe psychosocial sequelae. Medical and surgical gender transition can substantially improve quality-of-life outcomes for individuals with gender dysphoria. Individuals seeking to undergo female-to-male (FtM) transition have various surgical options available for gender confirmation, including facial and chest masculinization, body contouring, and genital surgery. The World Professional Association for Transgender Health guidelines should be met before the patient undergoes surgery, to ensure that gender-confirming surgery is appropriate and indicated. Chest masculinization and metoidioplasty or phalloplasty are the most common procedures pursued, and both generally result in high levels of patient satisfaction. Phalloplasty, with a resultant aesthetic and sensate phallus along with implantable prosthetic, can take upwards of a year to accomplish, and is associated with a considerable risk of complications. Urethral complications are most frequent, and can be addressed with revision procedures. A number of scaffolds, implants, and prostheses are now in development to improve outcomes in FtM patients.

References

Sep 1, 1977·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·H TaguchiT Yamada
Aug 1, 1979·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·B J DubinD R Laub
May 1, 1990·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·E F Still, R C Goodman
Mar 1, 1988·British Journal of Plastic Surgery·D M Davies, B A Matti
Mar 1, 1988·British Journal of Plastic Surgery·B A MattiD M Davies
Jun 1, 1988·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·P SantiF Badellino
Mar 1, 1987·British Journal of Plastic Surgery·J G BoormanP J Sykes
Oct 1, 1986·Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery·I KoshimaM Yamasaki
Apr 1, 1985·The Journal of Urology·C F Reid, J H Wright
Oct 1, 1971·British Journal of Plastic Surgery·I Kaplan
Jul 1, 1966·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·D R Millard
Apr 1, 1969·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·S Z Alanis
Jul 1, 1966·Diseases of the Chest·J H PhillipsT G Higgins
Aug 1, 1984·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·T S Chang, W Y Hwang
Nov 1, 1983·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·C B Cutting, J G McCarthy
Aug 1, 1982·The Journal of Urology·C L PuckettJ E Montie
Oct 1, 1993·Annals of Plastic Surgery·M Sengezer, R C Sadove
Aug 1, 1993·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·L J Gottlieb, L A Levine
Apr 1, 1993·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·J J HageJ J Bloem
Mar 1, 1993·Annals of Plastic Surgery·J J Hage, J J Bloem
Jul 1, 1993·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·R C Sadove, L A Powell
Jan 1, 1996·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·J J Hage
Sep 1, 1996·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·J P VriensM H Webster
Jan 1, 1997·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·D RichardsonJ S Brown
Jan 1, 1996·Microsurgery·J J HageJ Van Lieshout
Aug 5, 1998·Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology·T AközE Kargi
Dec 1, 1999·European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology·M H ErgeneliM Erdogan
Mar 21, 2000·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·J J Hage, R B Karim
Apr 1, 2000·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·M Mutaf
Aug 17, 2001·Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery·N A PapadopulosE Biemer
Jun 18, 2002·Annals of Plastic Surgery·Tayfun Aköz, Eksal Kargi
Feb 11, 2003·Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology·J William McRoberts, Richard C Sadove
Aug 13, 2003·The Journal of Urology·Thomas M KesslerMargit Fisch
Oct 24, 2003·European Urology·Dorothea Rohrmann, Gerhard Jakse
Nov 25, 2003·BJU International·S V Perovic, M L Djordjevic
Jan 11, 2005·BJU International·Carlo BettocchiJohn P Pryor
Mar 8, 2005·International Braz J Urol : Official Journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology·E Alexsandro da Silva
Apr 2, 2005·Archives of Sexual Behavior·Anne A Lawrence

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 30, 2018·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Benjamin B MassenburgShane D Morrison
May 18, 2018·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Benjamin B MassenburgUNKNOWN Transgender Educational Study Group
Jul 3, 2018·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Ian NolanShane D Morrison
Sep 27, 2018·The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery·Shane D MorrisonSamuel P Mandell
Oct 31, 2018·Nature Reviews. Urology·Mats HolmbergCecilia Dhejne
Jan 25, 2019·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Farah SayeghShane D Morrison
Oct 11, 2019·Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation·Michael M JonczykCurtis L Cetrulo
Oct 28, 2019·Nature Reviews. Urology·Tom W AndrewAnthony Atala
Jun 13, 2019·Surgical Endoscopy·Katherine N HowardAlexis L Grucela
Oct 12, 2017·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Austin C RemingtonJeffrey B Friedrich
Jan 2, 2020·Journal of Medical Ethics·Samuel DubinDavid Inwards-Breland
May 28, 2020·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Shane D MorrisonThomas Satterwhite
Nov 2, 2018·Aesthetic Surgery Journal·Mona AschaAlexander J Gougoutas
Jul 14, 2019·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Farah SayeghShane D Morrison
Dec 29, 2019·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Muhammed Al-TamimiWouter B Van der Sluis
Jun 4, 2020·International Journal of Impotence Research·N NassiriL R Doumanian
Apr 13, 2018·Current Urology Reports·Geolani W DyLee C Zhao
Sep 10, 2019·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Justin T StowellKelli J Andresen
Jul 16, 2019·BMJ Case Reports·Mário José Pereira-LourençoArnaldo Figueiredo
Jun 17, 2020·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open·Wess A CohenJonathan D Keith
Aug 23, 2020·International Journal of Impotence Research·Marta BizicMiroslav Djordjevic
Jan 10, 2021·Current Urology Reports·Raul E Fernandez-CrespoRafael Carrion
Dec 19, 2020·Aesthetic Surgery Journal·Shanique A MartinRahim Nazerali
Feb 9, 2021·Frontiers in Psychology·Gerianne M AlexanderJoanna Lahey
Mar 18, 2021·International Journal of Impotence Research·Manon TerrierPaul Neuville
Oct 17, 2020·Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie·Andreas KöhlerTimo O Nieder
Aug 18, 2021·LGBT Health·Jason HarrisJason A Spector
Jun 18, 2018·Clinics in Plastic Surgery·Shane D MorrisonScott W Mosser

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved