An overview of the role of sympathetic regulation of immune responses in infectious disease and autoimmunity

International Journal of Hyperthermia : the Official Journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group
Mark J BucsekElizabeth A Repasky

Abstract

Stress in patients and pre-clinical research animals plays a critical role in disease progression Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) by stress results in secretion of the catecholamines epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE) from the adrenal gland and sympathetic nerve endings. Adrenergic receptors for catecholamines are present on immune cells and their activity is affected by stress and the accompanying changes in levels of these neurotransmitters. In this short review, we discuss how this adrenergic stress impacts two categories of immune responses, infections and autoimmune diseases. Catecholamines signal primarily through the β2-adrenergic receptors present on innate and adaptive immune cells which are critical in responding to infections caused by pathogens. In general, this adrenergic input, particularly chronic stimulation, suppresses lymphocytes and allows infections to progress. On the other hand, insufficient adrenergic control of immune responses allows progression of several autoimmune diseases.

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Citations

Feb 27, 2018·Frontiers in Immunology·Guanxi QiaoBonnie L Hylander
Jan 24, 2019·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Bonnie L HylanderElizabeth A Repasky
May 22, 2020·JCI Insight·Hemn MohammadpourPhilip L McCarthy
Sep 28, 2018·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Laura M ButkovichMalú G Tansey
Sep 24, 2020·The Journal of International Medical Research·Mahnaz DerakhshanMory Ghomshei
Jul 8, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Shipra GandhiKazuaki Takabe
Nov 6, 2020·Médecine sciences : M/S·Élisabeth WieduwildSophie Ugolini
Sep 9, 2018·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·Didem AğaçJ David Farrar

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