An unexpected and persistent increase in global emissions of ozone-depleting CFC-11

Nature
S A MontzkaJ W Elkins

Abstract

The Montreal Protocol was designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by enabling reductions in the abundance of ozone-depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere1-3. The reduction in the atmospheric concentration of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) has made the second-largest contribution to the decline in the total atmospheric concentration of ozone-depleting chlorine since the 1990s 1 . However, CFC-11 still contributes one-quarter of all chlorine reaching the stratosphere, and a timely recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer depends on a sustained decline in CFC-11 concentrations 1 . Here we show that the rate of decline of atmospheric CFC-11 concentrations observed at remote measurement sites was constant from 2002 to 2012, and then slowed by about 50 per cent after 2012. The observed slowdown in the decline of CFC-11 concentration was concurrent with a 50 per cent increase in the mean concentration difference observed between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and also with the emergence of strong correlations at the Mauna Loa Observatory between concentrations of CFC-11 and other chemicals associated with anthropogenic emissions. A simple model analysis of our findings suggests an...Continue Reading

References

Jun 28, 2017·Nature Communications·Ryan HossainiJohn A Pyle

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 20, 2018·Journal of Phycology·Maria OrfanoudakiMarkus Ganzera
Feb 6, 2019·Sensors·Maiko GirschikofskyRalf Hellmann
Feb 28, 2019·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·A F BaisM Deushi
Feb 28, 2019·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·Janet F BornmanStephan D Flint
Apr 12, 2019·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Ian T CousinsMartin Scheringer
May 9, 2019·Photochemistry and Photobiology·Sebastian Overmans, Susana Agustí
Dec 7, 2019·Science Advances·Peter Convey, Lloyd S Peck
Oct 11, 2019·Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA·Zhitong YaoWei Qi
May 5, 2020·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·G H BernhardC C White
Jun 12, 2019·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Abdullah AlabdulhadiMaya Guest
May 17, 2018·Nature·Michaela I Hegglin
Apr 16, 2019·Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres : JGR·Ryan HossainiChris R Lunder
Dec 21, 2019·Nature Communications·S S DhomseM P Chipperfield
Feb 20, 2020·Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres : JGR·Susan E StrahanMegan R Damon
Feb 12, 2020·Nature Chemistry·Lillian MaJonathan R Nitschke
Aug 28, 2020·Nature Communications·Susan SolomonA R Ravishankara
Jul 18, 2019·Nature·David Cyranoski
Nov 7, 2019·Nature·Susan Solomon
Jan 27, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Martin K VollmerL Paul Steele
Feb 12, 2021·Nature·Stephen A MontzkaChristina Theodoridi
Feb 5, 2021·International Journal of Women's Dermatology·Eva Rawlings Parker
Dec 29, 2020·Aquatic Conservation : Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems·D LaffoleyN F Andersen
Mar 16, 2021·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·R E NealeM Zhu
Mar 17, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Peidong WangRonald G Prinn
May 20, 2021·Nature Communications·Megan LickleySusan Solomon
Jul 3, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Longwu Liang, Zhenbo Wang
Jul 21, 2021·Nature·Ray F WeissPaul A Newman
Sep 23, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Xu WangHong Fang
Dec 4, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Elizabeth PhillipsBarbara Sherwood Lollar
Jul 1, 2019·Mutation Research. Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis·James Eduardo Lago LonderoAndré Passaglia Schuch

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

CCM
CAM5
CAM
MERRA2
WACCM

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.