An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 3: alternatives to systemic insecticides.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
Lorenzo FurlanJean-Marc Bonmatin

Abstract

Over-reliance on pesticides for pest control is inflicting serious damage to the environmental services that underpin agricultural productivity. The widespread use of systemic insecticides, neonicotinoids, and the phenylpyrazole fipronil in particular is assessed here in terms of their actual use in pest management, effects on crop yields, and the development of pest resistance to these compounds in many crops after two decades of usage. Resistance can only be overcome in the longterm by implementing methods that are not exclusively based on synthetic pesticides. A diverse range of pest management tactics is already available, all of which can achieve efficient pest control below the economic injury level while maintaining the productivity of the crops. A novel insurance method against crop failure is shown here as an example of alternative methods that can protect farmer's crops and their livelihoods without having to use insecticides. Finally, some concluding remarks about the need for a new framework for a truly sustainable agriculture that relies mainly on natural ecosystem services instead of chemicals are included; this reinforcing the previous WIA conclusions (van der Sluijs et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:148-154, 2015).

References

May 22, 2002·Journal of Economic Entomology·Peter W Shearer, Jerome L Frecon
Mar 18, 2003·Pest Management Science·Frank J ByrneNick C Toscano
Jun 7, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Zewen LiuNeil S Millar
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Jun 19, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Mikhail A BeketovMatthias Liess

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Citations

Mar 7, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, Henk A Tennekes
Mar 22, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Mária MörtlAndrás Székács
Jun 6, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Andrea VeresLorenzo Furlan
Nov 18, 2018·The Science of the Total Environment·Balasubramanian RamakrishnanMallavarapu Megharaj
Feb 24, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Jean-Marc BonmatinMaarten Bijleveld van Lexmond
May 1, 2021·Current Opinion in Insect Science·Laura Drivdal, Jeroen P van der Sluijs
Nov 23, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Aizhen WangRong Zhang

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