An updated focused review of dexmedetomidine in adults

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
Anthony T GerlachJoseph F Dasta

Abstract

To evaluate recent comparative studies regarding the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine in adults. Articles evaluating safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine were identified from an English-language MEDLINE search (1996-July 2009), with a focus on data published since our previous review in 2007 to the present. MeSH terms included dexmedetomidine, medetomidine, alpha2-agonist, and sedation. References from selected articles were also reviewed for additional material. Experimental and observational English-language studies that focused on the efficacy, safety, and pharmacoeconomics of dexmedetomidine in humans were selected. Dexmedetomidine is an 2-agonist used for sedation during procedures and in critical illness. Compared with placebo, use of dexmedetomidine during procedures was associated with decreased use of rescue midazolam and a similar degree of sedation compared with various agents used during surgery or for procedures. Use of long-term (>24 h) dexmedetomidine sedation is comparable to sedation with benzodiazepines in critically ill patients. In a Phase 4 study, dexmedetomidine was safe in dosages up to 1.4 microg/kg/hour for greater than 24 hours and did not produce rebound tachycardia or hypertension when abrupt...Continue Reading

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