An upstream open reading frame is essential for feedback regulation of ascorbate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

The Plant Cell
William A LaingRoger P Hellens

Abstract

Ascorbate (vitamin C) is an essential antioxidant and enzyme cofactor in both plants and animals. Ascorbate concentration is tightly regulated in plants, partly to respond to stress. Here, we demonstrate that ascorbate concentrations are determined via the posttranscriptional repression of GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase (GGP), a major control enzyme in the ascorbate biosynthesis pathway. This regulation requires a cis-acting upstream open reading frame (uORF) that represses the translation of the downstream GGP open reading frame under high ascorbate concentration. Disruption of this uORF stops the ascorbate feedback regulation of translation and results in increased ascorbate concentrations in leaves. The uORF is predicted to initiate at a noncanonical codon (ACG rather than AUG) and encode a 60- to 65-residue peptide. Analysis of ribosome protection data from Arabidopsis thaliana showed colocation of high levels of ribosomes with both the uORF and the main coding sequence of GGP. Together, our data indicate that the noncanonical uORF is translated and encodes a peptide that functions in the ascorbate inhibition of translation. This posttranslational regulation of ascorbate is likely an ancient mechanism of control as the uORF ...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 17, 2015·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Lei LeiJinsheng Lai
Dec 20, 2015·Trends in Plant Science·Roger P HellensRichard C Macknight
Oct 30, 2016·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Polly Yingshan HsuPhilip N Benfey
Nov 27, 2016·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Vincent TruffaultHélène Gautier
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