Analysis of modularity and integration suggests evolution of dragonfly wing venation mainly in response to functional demands

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
Alexander Blanke

Abstract

Insect wings show a high variability in wing venation. Selection for function, developmental pathways and phylogeny likely influenced wing vein diversification, however, quantitative data to estimate these influences and their interplay are missing. Here, it is tested how dragonfly wing vein configuration is influenced by functional demands, development, phylogeny and allometry using the concepts of modularity and integration. In an evolutionary context, modules are sets of characters that evolve in relative independence to other characters, while integration refers to a high degree of association between subparts of a structure. Results show allometric and phylogenetic signal in the wing shape variation, however, patterns of integration and modularity are not influenced by these two factors. Overall, dragonfly wings are highly integrated structures with almost no modular signal. Configuration changes in one wing vein or wing area thus influence wing shape as a whole. Moreover, the fore- and hindwings correlate with each other in their evolutionary shape variation supporting biomechanical data of wing interdependence. Despite the overall high degree of evolutionary integration, functional hypotheses of modularity could be confi...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 28, 2020·Systematic Biology·Ceferino Varón-GonzálezChristian Peter Klingenberg
Apr 21, 2020·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Bruno C GenevciusCristiano F Schwertner
Aug 12, 2021·PLoS Computational Biology·Alison I WeberBingni W Brunton
Jan 20, 2022·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Stewart M EdieDavid Jablonski

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