Analysis of nitrogen-based explosives with desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM
Tiina J KauppilaRaimo A Ketola

Abstract

Fast methods that allow the in situ analysis of explosives from a variety of surfaces are needed in crime scene investigations and home-land security. Here, the feasibility of the ambient mass spectrometry technique desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI) in the analysis of the most common nitrogen-based explosives is studied. DAPPI and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) were compared in the direct analysis of trinitrotoluene (TNT), trinitrophenol (picric acid), octogen (HMX), cyclonite (RDX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and nitroglycerin (NG). The effect of different additives in DAPPI dopant and in DESI spray solvent on the ionization efficiency was tested, as well as the suitability of DAPPI to detect explosives from a variety of surfaces. The analytes showed ions only in negative ion mode. With negative DAPPI, TNT and picric acid formed deprotonated molecules with all dopant systems, while RDX, HMX, PETN and NG were ionized by adduct formation. The formation of adducts was enhanced by addition of chloroform, formic acid, acetic acid or nitric acid to the DAPPI dopant. DAPPI was more sensitive than DESI for TNT, while DESI was more sensitive for HMX and picric acid. DAPPI could become an impor...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 18, 2018·The Analyst·Thomas P Forbes, Edward Sisco
Oct 30, 2019·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Lauren PintabonaArian C van Asten
Dec 22, 2016·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Zachary E LawtonChristopher C Mulligan

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