Analysis of perfluorinated carboxylic acids in soils II: optimization of chromatography and extraction

Journal of Chromatography. a
John W WashingtonJohn J Evans

Abstract

With the objective of detecting and quantitating low concentrations of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), in soils, we compared the analytical suitability of liquid chromatography columns containing three different stationary phases, two different liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) systems, and eight combinations of sample-extract pretreatments, extractions and cleanups on three test soils. For the columns and systems we tested, we achieved the greatest analytical sensitivity for PFCAs using a column with a C(18) stationary phase in a Waters LC/MS/MS. In this system we achieved an instrument detection limit for PFOA of 270 ag/microL, equating to about 14 fg of PFOA on-column. While an elementary acetonitrile/water extraction of soils recovers PFCAs effectively, natural soil organic matter also dissolved in the extracts commonly imparts significant noise that appears as broad, multi-nodal, asymmetric peaks that coelute with several PFCAs. The intensity and elution profile of this noise is highly variable among soils and it challenges detection of low concentrations of PFCAs by decreasing the signal-to-noise contrast. In an effort to decrease this background no...Continue Reading

References

Oct 11, 2005·Chemosphere·Antonia M CalafatLuke P Naeher

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Citations

Jul 14, 2010·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Marta LlorcaDamià Barceló
Apr 8, 2011·Mikrochimica Acta·Ewa PobożyMarek Trojanowicz
Jun 13, 2013·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Parva ZareitalabadRainer Georg Joergensen
Oct 16, 2013·Environment International·Jinxia Liu, Sandra Mejia Avendaño
Feb 16, 2010·Environmental Pollution·Ruowei Ma, Kaimin Shih
Nov 6, 2010·Environmental Pollution·Hongwen SunAlfredo C Alder
Nov 11, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Johnny GaspériRégis Moilleron
May 26, 2015·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Jessica L ReinerJennifer M Keller
Sep 22, 2009·Environmental Science & Technology·John W WashingtonSarah C Hafner
Oct 19, 2010·Environmental Science & Technology·John W WashingtonE Laurence Libelo

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