Analysis of the blocking activity of charybdotoxin homologs and iodinated derivatives against Ca2+-activated K+ channels.

The Journal of Membrane Biology
K LucchesiE Moczydlowski

Abstract

Two charybdotoxin peptides were purified from venom of the Israeli scorpion, Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus. Microsequencing of the most abundant toxin, ChTX-Lq1, revealed identity with the 37-residue peptide previously sequenced by Gimenez-Gallego et al. [Gimenez-Gallego, G., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3329-3333 (1988)]. Sequence data on the minor peptide, ChTX-Lq2, showed substantial homology to ChTX-Lq1 with differences observed at eight positions. These two charybdotoxin sequences, along with that of noxiustoxin, define a distinct family of scorpion peptide toxins with activity against K+ channels. Both charybdotoxin homologs inhibited Ca2+-dependent K+ efflux from human erythrocytes with similar potency, K0.5 approximately 40 nM. In planar bilayer assays of single K(Ca) channels from rat muscle, ChTX-Lq1 and ChTX-Lq2 blocked with intrinsic Kd's of 1.3 and 43 nM, respectively, in the presence of 50 mM external KCl. A new application of dwell-time histogram analysis of single-channel blocking events was used to characterize the kinetic homogeneity of toxin samples and the blocking kinetics of ChTX derivatives. The lower blocking affinity of ChTX-Lq2 was the combined result of a faster dissociation rate and a slo...Continue Reading

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