Analysis of the CRISPR-Cas system in bacteriophages active on epidemic strains of Vibrio cholerae in Bangladesh

Scientific Reports
Iftekhar Bin NaserShah M Faruque

Abstract

CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) are microbial nuclease systems involved in defense against phages. Bacteria also resist phages by hosting phage-inducible chromosomal islands (PICI) which prevent phage reproduction. Vibrio cholerae which causes cholera epidemics, interacts with numerous phages in the environment and in cholera patients. Although CRISPR-Cas systems are usually carried by bacteria and archea, recently V. cholerae specific ICP1 phages were found to host a CRISPR-Cas system that inactivates PICI-like elements (PLE) in V. cholerae. We analyzed a collection of phages and V. cholerae isolated during seasonal cholera epidemics in Bangladesh, to study the distribution, and recent evolution of the phage-encoded CRISPR-Cas system. Five distinct but related phages carrying the CRISPR-Cas system, and possible CRISPR-Cas negative progenitor phages were identified. Furthermore, CRISPR arrays in the phages were found to have evolved by acquisition of new spacers targeting diverse regions of PLEs carried by the V. cholerae strains, enabling the phages to efficiently grow on PLE positive strains. Our results demonstrate a continuing arms-race involving genetic det...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 25, 2019·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Saadlee ShehreenChris M Brown
Mar 25, 2019·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Amelia C McKitterickKimberley D Seed
Jun 6, 2019·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Guilhem FaureEugene V Koonin
Jun 16, 2018·Nature Communications·Amelia C McKitterick, Kimberley D Seed
Jan 31, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Muhammad Kamruzzaman, Jonathan R Iredell
Feb 11, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Franziska Wimmer, Chase L Beisel
Jan 13, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Cecilia A Silva-Valenzuela, Andrew Camilli
Aug 10, 2019·Frontiers in Public Health·Thandavarayan RamamurthyGopinath Balakrish Nair
Jun 22, 2021·Frontiers in Microbiology·Erick Adrian Cruz-LópezVirgilio Bocanegra-García
Sep 7, 2021·International Microbiology : the Official Journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology·Noemí M GuzmánFrancisco J M Mojica

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
restriction modification
PCR
genetic modifications
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

GapFiller
Mauve
PROKKA
Artemis
SSPACE
Spade Genome Assembler
BRIG
BLAST
MAFFT
MEGA

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