Analytical chemistry of nitric oxide.

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry
Evan M Hetrick, Mark H Schoenfisch

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is the focus of intense research primarily because of its wide-ranging biological and physiological actions. To understand its origin, activity, and regulation, accurate and precise measurement techniques are needed. Unfortunately, analytical assays for monitoring NO are challenged by NO's unique chemical and physical properties, including its reactivity, rapid diffusion, and short half-life. Moreover, NO concentrations may span the picomolar-to-micromolar range in physiological milieus, requiring techniques with wide dynamic response ranges. Despite such challenges, many analytical techniques have emerged for the detection of NO. Herein, we review the most common spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, with a focus on the underlying mechanism of each technique and on approaches that have been coupled with modern analytical measurement tools to create novel NO sensors.

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron paramagnetic resonance
fluorescence microscopy
flow cytometry
electrophoresis
electron spin resonance
nuclear magnetic resonance
microsensors
biosensor
X-ray
quartz crystal microbalance

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