Anaphylaxis and severe systemic reactions caused by skin contact with persulfates in hair-bleaching products

Contact Dermatitis
Margriet HoekstraMarie Louise Anna Schuttelaar

Abstract

Persulfates have been reported to cause both delayed-type and immediate skin reactions. They may also cause immediate reactions of the mucous membranes of the bronchial system through inhalation, leading to asthma and rhinitis. Anaphylactic reactions caused by contact with persulfates are rare. The mechanism of immediate reactions caused by persulfates is unclear. To report 2 cases with systemic reactions after skin contact with persulfates, and to propose a test protocol for diagnosing immediate reactions caused by persulfates. Prick tests with serial dilutions of ammonium and potassium persulfate were performed. Patch tests were also performed with the two agents. Persulfate-specific IgE was detected with two different IgE immunoblotting techniques. Prick tests were positive with ammonium and potassium persufate, but no specific IgE was detected in the serum. Patch tests showed early positive reactions to both persulfates in 1 patient. Prick tests and patch tests can be valuable in the testing of patients with a suspicion of an immediate-type reaction caused by persulfates. The mechanism of these reactions remains unclear.

References

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Citations

Aug 27, 2013·Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology·Nina Madnani, Kaleem Khan
Nov 22, 2012·Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug·Majken G HougaardHeidi Søsted
May 18, 2016·Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·Christen M MowadBruce Brod
Jul 26, 2016·Clinical and Translational Allergy·M H Foss-SkiftesvikC R Johnsen
Sep 7, 2016·Contact Dermatitis·Lien Verhulst, An Goossens
Sep 7, 2013·International Archives of Allergy and Immunology·F Estelle R SimonsUNKNOWN World Allergy Organization
Apr 3, 2016·Occupational Medicine·A KleniewskaJ Walusiak-Skorupa
Mar 8, 2020·Contact Dermatitis·Evangeline ClarkJean-Luc Bourrain
Jun 2, 2020·Dermatologic Clinics·Peggy A Wu
Feb 21, 2021·Contact Dermatitis·Alejandro R Gratacós GómezElisa Gómez Torrijos
Apr 3, 2021·Contact Dermatitis·Karla L Valdés-Morales, Lourdes Alonzo-Romero
Aug 15, 2021·Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·Erin M WarshawCory A Dunnick

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