Ancient Cytokine Interleukin 15-Like (IL-15L) Induces a Type 2 Immune Response.

Frontiers in Immunology
Takuya YamaguchiJohannes M Dijkstra

Abstract

Related interleukin-2, -15, and -15-like (IL-2, -15, and -15L) are ancient cytokines, with all three genes surviving in extant fish and some mammals. The present study is the first to identify IL-15L functions, namely in rainbow trout. In isolated trout splenocytes, and in vivo, purified recombinant IL-15L+IL-15Rα molecules induced expression of IL-4 and IL-13 homologs, which are markers of type 2 immunity. In contrast, trout IL-15 stimulated type 1 immunity markers, thus IL-15 and IL-15L can have opposing functions. Trout IL-15L was more dependent on "in trans" presentation by the receptor chain IL-15Rα than IL-15, and stimulated CD4-CD8-(IgM-) lymphocytes from thymus and spleen. We propose an important role for IL-15L early in the type 2 immunity cytokine cascade. Trout IL-2 and IL-15 exhibited features reminiscent of their mechanistic and functional dichotomy observed in mammals; for example, IL-15 but not IL-2 required a receptor alpha chain (only IL-15Rα in the case of fish) for its stability, and only IL-15 was efficient in stimulating lymphocytes from mucosal tissues. Data suggest that IL-15L and IL-15 may be particularly effective in stimulating innate lymphocyte type 2 cells (ILC2) and natural killer (NK) cells, respec...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
KA353649
GFIM01029449
MK619679
MK619680
GBRB01011922
AGKD04000049
AAZ43090
AJ555868
AAA85130
AAVX02000000

Methods Mentioned

BETA
transfection
flow cytometry
size exclusion chromatography
PCR
Assay
Protein Assay
gel filtration
chips
RNA-Seq

Software Mentioned

Quantity One
Tree Star
FGENESH
CFX [UNK]
Megablast
MxPro
Geneious
Compute pI / Mw
Ensembl
GENETYX

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