Ancient herders enriched and restructured African grasslands

Nature
Fiona MarshallStanley H Ambrose

Abstract

Grasslands are one of the world's most extensive terrestrial biomes and are central to the survival of herders, their livestock and diverse communities of large wild mammals1-3. In Africa, tropical soils are predominantly nutrient-limited4-6 but productive grassy patches in wooded grassland savannah ecosystems2,4 grow on fertile soils created by geologic and edaphic factors, megafauna, fire and termites4-6. Mobile pastoralists also create soil-fertility hotspots by penning their herds at night, which concentrates excrement-and thus nutrients-from grazing of the surrounding savannahs7-11. Historical anthropogenic hotspots produce high-quality forage, attract wildlife and increase spatial heterogeneity in African savannahs4,12-15. Archaeological research suggests this effect extends back at least 1,000 years16-19 but little is known about nutrient persistence at millennial scales. Here we use chemical, isotopic and sedimentary analyses to show high nutrient and 15N enrichment in on-site degraded dung deposits relative to off-site soils at five Pastoral Neolithic20 sites (radiocarbon dated to between 3,700 and 1,550 calibrated years before present (cal. BP)). This study demonstrates the longevity of nutrient hotspots and the long-...Continue Reading

References

Dec 13, 2005·Nature·Mahesh SankaranNick Zambatis

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Citations

Jul 28, 2019·Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America·Kari E Veblen, Lauren M Porensky
Jul 10, 2019·Nature Plants·Robert N Spengler, Natalie G Mueller
May 29, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Rebecca Bliege BirdDale G Nimmo
Sep 17, 2020·Nature Communications·Klaus Butterbach-BahlLutz Merbold
Jul 22, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Fiona Marshall
May 15, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Amy McDermott
Jan 20, 2021·Nature Ecology & Evolution·Nicole Boivin, Alison Crowther
Jan 9, 2021·Trends in Ecology & Evolution·Timothy M LentonMarten Scheffer
Apr 21, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Erle C EllisJames E M Watson

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
infrared spectroscopy

Software Mentioned

lme4
R

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