Ancient Humans Influenced the Current Spatial Genetic Structure of Common Walnut Populations in Asia

PloS One
Paola PollegioniMaria Emilia Malvolti

Abstract

Common walnut (Juglans regia L) is an economically important species cultivated worldwide for its wood and nuts. It is generally accepted that J. regia survived and grew spontaneously in almost completely isolated stands in its Asian native range after the Last Glacial Maximum. Despite its natural geographic isolation, J. regia evolved over many centuries under the influence of human management and exploitation. We evaluated the hypothesis that the current distribution of natural genetic resources of common walnut in Asia is, at least in part, the product of ancient anthropogenic dispersal, human cultural interactions, and afforestation. Genetic analysis combined with ethno-linguistic and historical data indicated that ancient trade routes such as the Persian Royal Road and Silk Road enabled long-distance dispersal of J. regia from Iran and Trans-Caucasus to Central Asia, and from Western to Eastern China. Ancient commerce also disrupted the local spatial genetic structure of autochthonous walnut populations between Tashkent and Samarkand (Central-Eastern Uzbekistan), where the northern and central routes of the Northern Silk Road converged. A significant association between ancient language phyla and the genetic structure of w...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 18, 2017·Mitochondrial DNA. Part A. DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis·Zeinab Amiri GhanatsamanYa-Ping Zhang
Aug 15, 2018·PloS One·Robert N SpenglerMichael Frachetti
Oct 13, 2017·PloS One·Mallikarjuna AradhyaJohn E Preece
Oct 10, 2018·Frontiers in Plant Science·Xiaojia FengPeng Zhao
Mar 24, 2016·Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources·Yiheng HuPeng Zhao
Apr 13, 2021·Frontiers in Plant Science·Robert N SpenglerNicole Boivin

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Software Mentioned

Composite Bands - tool
R Ecodist package
Arlequin
POPTREE2
XLSTAT2010
STRUCTURE
ZT
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R package
SMOGD

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