Ancient mycobacterial lipids: Key reference biomarkers in charting the evolution of tuberculosis

Tuberculosis
David E MinnikinHelen D Donoghue

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a cell envelope incorporating a peptidoglycan-linked arabinogalactan esterified by long-chain mycolic acids. A range of "free" lipids are associated with the "bound" mycolic acids, producing an effective envelope outer membrane. The distribution of these lipids is discontinuous among mycobacteria and such lipids have proven potential for biomarker use in tracing the evolution of tuberculosis. A plausible evolutionary scenario involves progression from an environmental organism, such as Mycobacterium kansasii, through intermediate "smooth" tubercle bacilli, labelled "Mycobacterium canettii"; cell envelope lipid composition possibly correlates with such a progression. M. kansasii and "M. canettii" have characteristic lipooligosaccharides, associated with motility and biofilms, and glycosyl phenolphthiocerol dimycocerosates ("phenolic glycolipids"). Both these lipid classes are absent in modern M. tuberculosis sensu stricto, though simplified phenolic glycolipids remain in certain current biotypes. Dimycocerosates of the phthiocerol family are restricted to smaller phthiodiolone diesters in M. kansasii. Diacyl and pentaacyl trehaloses are present in "M. canettii" and M. tuberculosis, accompanied in t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 23, 2016·Frontiers in Public Health·Djaltou Aboubaker OsmanMichel Drancourt
Mar 14, 2017·Future Microbiology·Gurkamaljit Kaur, Jagdeep Kaur
Sep 20, 2017·Infection and Immunity·Fériel BouzidMichel Drancourt
Mar 30, 2018·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Albertus ViljoenLaurent Kremer
Jan 11, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Andreu Garcia-VilanovaJordi B Torrelles
May 4, 2017·Scientific Reports·Monika JankuteGurdyal S Besra
Dec 15, 2020·Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·Gautam KumarShobhna Kapoor
May 11, 2021·International Journal of Paleopathology·Frank MaixnerAlbert Zink
Jun 24, 2016·Microbiology Spectrum·Michel Drancourt

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