Ancient River Inference Explains Exceptional Oriental Freshwater Mussel Radiations

Scientific Reports
Ivan N BolotovSakboworn Tumpeesuwan

Abstract

The concept of long-lived (ancient) lakes has had a great influence on the development of evolutionary biogeography. According to this insight, a number of lakes on Earth have existed for several million years (e.g., Baikal and Tanganyika) and represent unique evolutionary hotspots with multiple intra-basin radiations. In contrast, rivers are usually considered to be variable systems, and the possibility of their long-term existence during geological epochs has never been tested. In this study, we reconstruct the history of freshwater basin interactions across continents based on the multi-locus fossil-calibrated phylogeny of freshwater mussels (Unionidae). These mussels most likely originated in Southeast and East Asia in the Jurassic, with the earliest expansions into North America and Africa (since the mid-Cretaceous) following the colonization of Europe and India (since the Paleocene). We discovered two ancient monophyletic mussel radiations (mean age ~51-55 Ma) within the paleo-Mekong catchment (i.e., the Mekong, Siam, and Malacca Straits paleo-river drainage basins). Our findings reveal that the Mekong may be considered a long-lived river that has existed throughout the entire Cenozoic epoch.

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Citations

Aug 21, 2019·Scientific Reports·Ivan N BolotovAlexander V Kondakov
Jul 4, 2018·Scientific Reports·Ivan N BolotovThan Win
Nov 13, 2019·Scientific Reports·Ivan N BolotovMaxim V Vinarski
Jul 25, 2018·Nature Communications·Ivan N BolotovOleg S Pokrovsky
Apr 22, 2020·Scientific Reports·Ivan N BolotovAlexander V Kondakov
Feb 23, 2020·Scientific Reports·Ivan N BolotovMaxim V Vinarski
Mar 13, 2019·Scientific Reports·Ekaterina S KonoplevaIvan N Bolotov
Feb 7, 2020·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Manuel Lopes-LimaElsa Froufe
Feb 25, 2019·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·John M PfeifferLarry M Page

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR

Software Mentioned

BEAST
FASTA
DIVA
BEAUti
R
MEGA6
BioEdit
MrBayes
LogCombiner
Statistical Dispersal - Extinction Cladogenesis ( S - DEC )

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