Androgen receptor in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer: Beyond expression

Cancer Treatment Reviews
Debora BasileFabio Puglisi

Abstract

In recent years, new therapeutic approaches have reshaped the overall strategy of breast cancer (BC) treatment and have markedly improved patient survival. This is, in part, due to novel therapies for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC. Unfortunately, many patients present de novo resistance to these therapies or develop an acquired resistance over time. Therefore, research is now focused on discovering new molecular targets to overcome these resistances. Interestingly, preclinical and clinical studies have shown a critical role for the cross-talk between androgen receptor (AR) and ER in luminal-like BC. AR is expressed in >60% of BC and in up to 90% of ERα-positive tumors. Multiple studies suggest that AR is associated with a favorable prognosis. However, AR overexpression and, in particular, the high AR:ER ratio, seem to be involved in resistance to hormonal treatment. In this setting, a group of BCs could benefit from AR-inhibitors; nevertheless, some ER-positive BC patients do not seem to benefit from this strategy. Therefore, it is crucial to identify biomarkers that would enable the selection of patients who might benefit from combination treatment with ER and AR inhibitors.

Citations

Jul 18, 2018·Endocrine Connections·María J GómoraCarmen Mendez
May 22, 2020·Breast Cancer Research and Treatment·Cristian ScatenaAntonio Giuseppe Naccarato
Apr 4, 2019·Frontiers in Genetics·Erika Bandini, Francesca Fanini
Oct 1, 2020·Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology·Barbara TagliaferriFederico Sottotetti
Aug 3, 2019·Clinical Epigenetics·Xin YiZe-Min Fang
Oct 31, 2019·BMC Cancer·Toru HanamuraKen-Ichi Ito
Sep 29, 2020·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Mengyao ChenFuming Qiu
Jan 1, 2020·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease·Cristina AmaralNatércia Teixeira
Mar 17, 2021·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Cristina AmaralNatércia Teixeira
Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Han Na LeeSe Bok Jang
Nov 6, 2021·Breast Cancer Research : BCR·Toru HanamuraJennifer K Richer

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