Anergic natural killer cells educated by tumor cells are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII
Chao YangChen Liu

Abstract

Natural killer cells (NK) are often believed to play a positive role in the antitumor immune response. However, this is not the case for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. This study was performed to determine the unique subtype of "educated" NK cells and their prognostic value in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. We divided 378 eligible patients into a derivation cohort (September 2010 to December 2014, n = 239) and a validation cohort (January 2015 to April 2016, n = 139). Flow cytometry was performed to analyze NK cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model were used. Survival analysis showed that a high density of NK cells accompanied by a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was associated with reduced overall survival in both the derivation and validation cohorts. Multivariable analysis also showed that high NK infiltration (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.79, p = 0.001) was an independent prognostic factor. In these patients, high NK infiltration was associated with reduced levels of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α, although only IFN-γ reached stat...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 18, 2019·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Behnaz ValipourHojjatollah Nozad Charoudeh
Aug 9, 2020·Molecular Cancer·Song-Yang WuZhi-Ming Shao
Jul 10, 2021·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Rachel Elizabeth Ann FinchamHemant M Kocher

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