Abstract
Natural killer cells (NK) are often believed to play a positive role in the antitumor immune response. However, this is not the case for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. This study was performed to determine the unique subtype of "educated" NK cells and their prognostic value in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. We divided 378 eligible patients into a derivation cohort (September 2010 to December 2014, n = 239) and a validation cohort (January 2015 to April 2016, n = 139). Flow cytometry was performed to analyze NK cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model were used. Survival analysis showed that a high density of NK cells accompanied by a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was associated with reduced overall survival in both the derivation and validation cohorts. Multivariable analysis also showed that high NK infiltration (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.79, p = 0.001) was an independent prognostic factor. In these patients, high NK infiltration was associated with reduced levels of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α, although only IFN-γ reached stat...Continue Reading
References
Jan 24, 1991·Nature·M BixD Raulet
Nov 12, 1993·Science·T M KündigI Horak
Dec 14, 2002·Blood·Todd A FehnigerMichael A Caligiuri
Mar 23, 2005·Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII·Janet M D PlateJules E Harris
Oct 21, 2005·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Béatrice Le Maux ChansacFathia Mami-Chouaib
Feb 18, 2006·Science·Onur BoymanJonathan Sprent
Jan 19, 2008·Cancer·Paolo CarregaGuido Ferlazzo
Nov 26, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Mirna BalsamoMassimo Vitale
Feb 4, 2010·American Journal of Surgery·Imran BhattiRichard I Hall
Feb 12, 2011·World Journal of Surgery·G GarceaD P Berry
Jun 29, 2011·Cancer Research·Sophia PlatonovaIsabelle Cremer
Dec 2, 2011·The New England Journal of Medicine·David SaadounDavid Klatzmann
Feb 22, 2012·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Onur Boyman, Jonathan Sprent
Mar 3, 2012·Blood·Lishomwa C NdhlovuLewis L Lanier
Apr 17, 2012·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Amir HorowitzEleanor M Riley
Jun 5, 2013·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Yann KerdilesEric Vivier
Jun 27, 2013·British Journal of Cancer·M StotzM Pichler
Jul 27, 2014·Pancreatology : Official Journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et Al.]·Yong-Feng XuXianjun Yu
Aug 27, 2014·Annals of Surgical Oncology·Guopei LuoXianjun Yu
Jul 21, 2015·Cytometry. Part a : the Journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology·Margaret C CostanzoMichael A Eller
Jan 3, 2016·Cancer Letters·Kelly FoleyLei Zheng
May 24, 2016·Gastroenterology·Engin GürlevikFlorian Kühnel
Jun 28, 2016·Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII·Elena Gonzalez-GugelNina Bhardwaj
Jul 4, 2016·The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Silvia PesceEmanuela Marcenaro
Jan 6, 2017·CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians·Rebecca L SiegelAhmedin Jemal
Jan 7, 2017·BMC Urology·James A KuzmanNeeraj Agarwal
Citations
Apr 18, 2019·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Behnaz ValipourHojjatollah Nozad Charoudeh
Aug 9, 2020·Molecular Cancer·Song-Yang WuZhi-Ming Shao
Aug 28, 2020·Cancer Management and Research·Yitao GongChen Liu
Jul 28, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Shuo ZhangZengwu Shao
Jul 10, 2021·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Rachel Elizabeth Ann FinchamHemant M Kocher