Aneuploidy increases resistance to chemotherapeutics by antagonizing cell division.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
John Michael ReplogleAngelika Amon

Abstract

Aneuploidy, defined as whole chromosome gains and losses, is associated with poor patient prognosis in many cancer types. However, the condition causes cellular stress and cell cycle delays, foremost in G1 and S phase. Here, we investigate how aneuploidy causes both slow proliferation and poor disease outcome. We test the hypothesis that aneuploidy brings about resistance to chemotherapies because of a general feature of the aneuploid condition-G1 delays. We show that single chromosome gains lead to increased resistance to the frontline chemotherapeutics cisplatin and paclitaxel. Furthermore, G1 cell cycle delays are sufficient to increase chemotherapeutic resistance in euploid cells. Mechanistically, G1 delays increase drug resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel by reducing their ability to damage DNA and microtubules, respectively. Finally, we show that our findings are clinically relevant. Aneuploidy correlates with slowed proliferation and drug resistance in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) dataset. We conclude that a general and seemingly detrimental effect of aneuploidy, slowed proliferation, provides a selective benefit to cancer cells during chemotherapy treatment.

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Citations

Jan 9, 2021·Cell·Ruth Lehmann, Jan-Michael Peters
Mar 27, 2021·Genes & Development·Xiaofeng A SuAngelika Amon
Apr 7, 2021·Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology·Zuzana Storchova
Aug 6, 2021·Developmental Cell·Devon A LukowJason M Sheltzer
Aug 6, 2021·Developmental Cell·Marica Rosaria IppolitoStefano Santaguida

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