Animal biosynthesis of complex polyketides in a photosynthetic partnership.

Nature Communications
Joshua P TorresEric W Schmidt

Abstract

Complex polyketides are typically associated with microbial metabolism. Here, we report that animals also make complex, microbe-like polyketides. We show there is a widespread branch of fatty acid synthase- (FAS)-like polyketide synthase (PKS) proteins, which sacoglossan animals use to synthesize complex products. The purified sacogolassan protein EcPKS1 uses only methylmalonyl-CoA as a substrate, otherwise unknown in animal lipid metabolism. Sacoglossans are sea slugs, some of which eat algae, digesting the cells but maintaining functional chloroplasts. Here, we provide evidence that polyketides support this unusual photosynthetic partnership. The FAS-like PKS family represents an uncharacterized branch of polyketide and fatty acid metabolism, encoding a large diversity of biomedically relevant animal enzymes and chemicals awaiting discovery. The biochemical characterization of an intact animal polyketide biosynthetic enzyme opens the door to understanding the immense untapped metabolic potential of metazoans.

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Citations

Nov 21, 2020·ELife·Paulo Cartaxana, Sónia Cruz
Jun 5, 2021·Nature Reviews. Genetics·Marnix H MedemaBradley S Moore
Aug 15, 2021·Nature Communications·Likui FengRebecca A Butcher
Sep 30, 2021·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Paulo CartaxanaSónia Cruz

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electrophoresis
size exclusion chromatography

Software Mentioned

EdgeR
IDBA
blastp search
Corset
metaSPAdes
UD
Mascot
tblastn
Basic Local Alignment Search Tool ( BLAST )
R package ( ggpubr

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