Annual Versus Biannual Mass Azithromycin Distribution and Malaria Parasitemia During the Peak Transmission Season Among Children in Niger

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
Catherine E OldenburgBruce D Gaynor

Abstract

Azithromycin has modest efficacy against malaria, and previous cluster randomized trials have suggested that mass azithromycin distribution for trachoma control may play a role in malaria control. We evaluated the effect of annual versus biannual mass azithromycin distribution over a 3-year period on malaria prevalence during the peak transmission season in a region with seasonal malaria transmission in Niger. Twenty-four communities in Matameye, Niger, were randomized to annual mass azithromycin distribution (3 distributions to the entire community during the peak transmission season) or biannual-targeted azithromycin distribution (6 distributions to children <12 years of age, including 3 in the peak transmission season and 3 in the low transmission season). Malaria indices were evaluated at 36 months during the high transmission season. Parasitemia prevalence was 42.6% (95% confidence interval: 31.7%-53.6%) in the biannual distribution arm compared with 50.6% (95% confidence interval: 40.3%-60.8%) in the annual distribution arm (P = 0.29). There was no difference in parasite density or hemoglobin concentration in the 2 treatment arms. Additional rounds of mass azithromycin distribution during low transmission may not have a s...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 31, 2019·The New England Journal of Medicine·Daniel ChandramohanBrian Greenwood
Sep 26, 2019·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Jennifer R EvansEmma Harding-Esch
Feb 19, 2020·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Evan M BlochSheila K West
Feb 19, 2020·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Ahmed M Arzika For The Mordor Study Group

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