Anopheles Salivary Gland Architecture Shapes Plasmodium Sporozoite Availability for Transmission

MBio
Michael B Wells, Deborah J Andrew

Abstract

Plasmodium sporozoites (SPZs) must traverse the mosquito salivary glands (SGs) to reach a new vertebrate host and continue the malaria disease cycle. Although SGs can harbor thousands of sporozoites, only 10 to 100 are deposited into a host during probing. To determine how the SGs might function as a bottleneck in SPZ transmission, we have characterized Anopheles stephensi SGs infected with the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Our analyses corroborate findings from previous electron microscopy studies and provide new insights into the invasion process. We identified sites of SPZ accumulation within SGs across a range of infection intensities. Although SPZs were most often seen in the distal lateral SG lobes, they were also observed in the medial and proximal lateral lobes. Most parasites were associated with either the basement membrane or secretory cavities. SPZs accumulated at physical barriers, including fused salivary ducts and extensions of the chitinous salivary duct wall into the distal lumen. SPZs were observed only rarely within salivary ducts. SPZs appeared to contact each other in many different quantities, not just in the previously described large bundles. Wit...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 25, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Berlin Londono-RenteriaAnd Audrey E Lenhart
Feb 17, 2021·Trends in Parasitology·Silvia A ArredondoStefan H I Kappe

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GM130

Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
confocal microscopy
imaging techniques
dissections

Software Mentioned

Minitab
Excel
Zeiss Zen
Adobe Photoshop
ImageJ

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