Antagonistic effects of thiazolidinediones and cytokines in lipotoxicity

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
U Smith, Ann Hammarstedt

Abstract

Ectopic lipid accumulation is promoted by obesity and an impaired ability to accumulate triglycerides in the subcutaneous depots. The adipose tissue is dysregulated in hypertrophic obesity, i.e., when the adipose cells have become enlarged. In some individuals, however, obesity is a consequence of a recruitment of new adipocytes, i.e., a hyperplastic obesity. This form of obesity is usually not associated with the metabolic complications and is termed "obese but metabolically normal". We here review recent findings showing that hypertrophic obesity is associated with an impaired differentiation of committed preadipocytes. This may be a primary (genetic?) event, thus leading to hypertrophic fat cells and the associated inflammation. However, it is also possible that the inflammation is a primary event allowing, in particular, TNFalpha to inhibit preadipocyte differentiation. TNFalpha, instead, promotes a partial transdifferentiation of the preadipocytes to assume a macrophage-like phenotype. PPARgamma activation promotes adipogenesis but can apparently not overcome the impaired preadipocyte differentiation seen in hypertrophic obesity.

References

Sep 1, 1983·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·M KrotkiewskiU Smith
May 20, 1998·Diabetes·N RudermanS Schneider
Jul 19, 2001·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·E D Rosen, B M Spiegelman
Jan 10, 2003·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Guillaume CharrièreLouis Casteilla
Dec 18, 2003·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Stuart P WeisbergAnthony W Ferrante
Mar 1, 2005·Biochimie·C LondosA R Kimmel
Nov 11, 2006·Diabetologia·Y TchoukalovaM Jensen
Dec 1, 2006·The New England Journal of Medicine·Renata BelfortKenneth Cusi
Dec 2, 2006·Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology·Evan D Rosen, Ormond A MacDougald
Apr 20, 2007·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Ann HammarstedtUlf Smith
Sep 8, 2007·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·Birgit GustafsonUlf Smith
Apr 11, 2008·Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology·Adilson GuilhermeMichael P Czech
Apr 17, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·May-Yun WangRoger H Unger
May 6, 2008·Nature·Kirsty L SpaldingPeter Arner
Aug 13, 2008·Archives of Internal Medicine·Norbert StefanHans-Ulrich Häring

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 30, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ann HammarstedtUlf Smith
Jun 18, 2011·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Tapan K ChatterjeeNeal L Weintraub
Oct 28, 2010·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Swarup K ChakrabartiJerry L Nadler
Aug 21, 2013·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Giuseppe MurdoloFrancesco Galli
Sep 6, 2013·Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry·Pia VillarroelMariana Cifuentes
Dec 10, 2020·Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia·Acácia Antônia Gomes de Oliveira SilvaLuana Giatti

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.