Anthocyanins Improve Hippocampus-Dependent Memory Function and Prevent Neurodegeneration via JNK/Akt/GSK3β Signaling in LPS-Treated Adult Mice

Molecular Neurobiology
Muhammad Sohail KhanMyeong Ok Kim

Abstract

Microglia plays a critical role in the brain and protects neuronal cells from toxins. However, over-activation of microglia leads to deleterious effects. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been reported to affect neuronal cells via activation of microglia as well as directly to initiate neuroinflammation. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effect of anthocyanins against LPS-induced neurotoxicity in an animal model and in cell cultures. Intraperitoneal injections of LPS (250 μg/kg/day for 1 week) induce ROS production and promote neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration which ultimately leads to memory impairment. However, anthocyanins treatment at a dose of 24 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks (1 week before and 1 week co-treated with LPS) prevented ROS production, inhibited neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and improved memory functions in LPS-treated mice. Both histological and immunoblot analysis indicated that anthocyanins reversed the activation of JNK, prevented neuroinflammation by lowering the levels of inflammatory markers (p-NF-kB, TNF-α, and IL-1β), and reduced neuronal apoptosis by reducing the expression of Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP-1, while increasing the l...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 23, 2019·Molecular Nutrition & Food Research·Gokul KrishnaFernando Gomez-Pinilla
Nov 14, 2019·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Vidmantas BendokasJulius Liobikas
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Jul 3, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Jiaqi LiuSongli Shi

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
Assay
MDA
protein assay
confocal microscopy

Software Mentioned

Sigma Gel System
SMART
- Pad
Sigma gel
ImageJ
Graph
SPSS
GraphPad Prism

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