Anthracycline antibiotics in cancer therapy. Focus on drug resistance

Drugs
D J Booser, G N Hortobagyi

Abstract

30 years ago an anthracycline antibiotic was shown to have antineoplastic activity. This led to the development of well over 1000 analogues with a vast spectrum of biochemical characteristics. Many biological actions have been described. The original anthracyclines are active against many types of cancer and are an integral part of several curative combinations. They are ineffective against other tumours. Although some analogues show an altered spectrum of activity or an improved therapeutic index relative to the older agents, it is not clear that cardiotoxicity can be totally avoided with these agents. Primary and secondary resistance to anthracyclines remain major clinical problems. Pharmacokinetic studies have been of limited help in explaining this. Overexpression of a surface-membrane permeability glycoprotein (Pgp) was identified in ovarian cancer of patients who had clinical multidrug resistance in 1985. This led the way for the discovery of a number of resistance mechanisms in vitro. Some of these have been found in more than 1 type of cell line, and more than 1 mechanism may exist in a single cell. Additional resistance proteins have been identified, qualitative and quantitative alterations of topoisomerase II have bee...Continue Reading

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