Anti-MOG encephalitis mimicking small vessel CNS vasculitis

Neurology. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation
Kristina PattersonThaís Armangue

Abstract

To report 2 patients with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-associated encephalitis who were initially misdiagnosed with small vessel primary CNS vasculitis. Review of symptoms, MRI and neuropathologic features, and response to treatment. MOG antibodies were determined in serum and CSF using a cell-based assay. Symptoms included fever, headache, and progressive mental status changes and focal neurologic deficits. CSF studies revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis, and both patients had abnormal brain MRIs. Brain biopsy samples showed prominent lymphocytic infiltration of the wall of small vessels; these findings initially suggested small vessel CNS vasculitis, and both patients were treated accordingly. Although 1 patient had a relapsing-remitting course not responsive to cyclophosphamide, the other one (also treated with cyclophosphamide) did not relapse. Retrospective assessment of serum and CSF demonstrated MOG antibodies in both cases, and review of biopsy specimens showed absence of fibrinoid necrosis (a pathologic requirement for small vessel CNS vasculitis). Anti-MOG-associated encephalitis can be mistaken for small vessel CNS vasculitis. This is important because the diagnosis of anti-MOG-associated encephalitis ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 26, 2019·Neurology. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation·Romana Höftberger, Ellen Gelpi
Dec 14, 2019·Neurology. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation·Josep DalmauScott S Zamvil
Jan 19, 2020·Neurology. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation·Tania CellucciRussell C Dale
Feb 26, 2019·Neurology. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation·Josep Dalmau
Nov 19, 2019·Frontiers in Neurology·Laura Navarro CantóBonaventura Casanova Estruch
Oct 24, 2019·Journal of Neurology·Athanasios PapathanasiouCris S Constantinescu
Jan 7, 2021·Neurology. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation·Mahmoud A AbdelRazekMarcelo Matiello
Nov 17, 2020·European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society·Thaís ArmangueUNKNOWN E.U. paediatric MOG consortium
Feb 26, 2021·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Han ZhangXiang Luo
Mar 24, 2021·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·Fei TianYing Zhang
May 26, 2020·Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR·Valerie L Jewells, Richard E Latchaw
Jun 22, 2021·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·Frederik BartelsClaudia Chien
Sep 21, 2021·Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy : Offizielles Organ Der Deutschen Gesellschaft Fur̈ Transfusionsmedizin Und Immunham̈atologie·Bernd StegmayrColwyn Poole

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsy

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