Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a toddler: A diagnostic challenge

International Journal of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
Yasmin KhundakjiNajwa Khuri-Bulos

Abstract

Anti N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder and is considered to be one of the most common causes of encephalitis in children. Despite the fact that around half of all reported cases are of children, the number of studies that report infants and toddlers is very small. Furthermore, reports on children from the Middle East particularly are extremely rare. We report a 21-month-old Jordanian female toddler with NMDAR encephalitis, who initially presented with behavioral changes and some autistic features. She presented a diagnostic challenge due to a concurrent urinary tract infection and gastroenteritis. Multiple investigations were conducted and she was treated with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) empirically as well as plasma exchange and rituximab once the diagnosis was confirmed. Her condition improved gradually. We discuss her clinical picture and the diagnostic challenges within this age group; we also review the current related literature.

Citations

Jan 3, 2021·Pediatrics in Review·Sarah PradhanAllayne Stephans
May 4, 2021·Clinical Case Reports·Katrina Yi Ching HengTerrence Thomas
Apr 22, 2021·Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics·Amal A AlqassmiMustafa A Salih

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR

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