Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Licochalcone A through ROS-Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Su Hyun HongYung Hyun Choi

Abstract

Licochalcone A (LCA) is a chalcone that is predominantly found in the root of Glycyrrhiza species, which is widely used as an herbal medicine. Although previous studies have reported that LCA has a wide range of pharmacological effects, evidence for the underlying molecular mechanism of its anti-cancer efficacy is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effect of LCA on human bladder cancer cells, and found that LCA induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptotic cell death. Our data showed that LCA inhibited the expression of cyclin A, cyclin B1, and Wee1, but increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1, and increased p21 was bound to Cdc2 and Cdk2. LCA activated caspase-8 and -9, which are involved in the initiation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, respectively, and also increased caspase-3 activity, a typical effect caspase, subsequently leading to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Additionally, LCA increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and reduced the integrity of mitochondria, which contributed to the discharge of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. Moreover, LCA enhanced the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 5, 2020·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Karoline Soares de FreitasDenise Crispim Tavares
Aug 1, 2020·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Jian-Kang MuXing-Xin Yang
Jun 3, 2021·Cancers·Radka MichalkovaJan Mojzis
Sep 7, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Nadia Z ShabanShaban Y Shaban

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
co-immunoprecipitation
flow cytometry
Flow Cytometric
protein assay

Software Mentioned

GraphPad
Cell Quest
GraphPad Prism

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis