Anti-Toxoplasma Activity of Estragole and Thymol in Murine Models of Congenital and Noncongenital Toxoplasmosis

The Journal of Parasitology
Claudio B S OliveiraValter F Andrade-Neto

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii , an obligatory intracellular protozoan. Normally benign, T. gondii infections can cause devastating disease in immunosuppressed patients and through congenital infection of newborn babies. Few prophylactic and therapeutic drugs are available to treat these infections. The goal of the present study was to assess the anti-Toxoplasma effects in a congenital and noncongenital model of toxoplasmosis (using ME49 strain), besides assessing immunological changes, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo acute toxicity of commercial estragole and thymol. The congenital experimental model was used with intermediate stages of maternal infection. The serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgG, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were quantified from infected and treated C57Bl/6 mice. Estragole and thymol respectively exhibited low to moderate in vivo toxicity and cytotoxicity. Animals treated with estragole showed high IFN-γ and strong type 1 helper T cell response. Both compounds were active against T. gondii ME49 strain. Furthermore, orally administered estragole in infected pregnant mice improved the weight of offspring compared with untreated controls. Subcutaneous administrat...Continue Reading

References

Aug 23, 2001·International Immunopharmacology·L R Brunet
Apr 25, 2002·Experimental Parasitology·Sergio H SeabraRenato A DaMatta
Nov 25, 2003·The Journal of Parasitology·Susan M McCarthy, Cheryl D Davis
Jun 15, 2004·Lancet·J G Montoya, O Liesenfeld
Nov 23, 2005·Trends in Parasitology·Sabrina Sonda, Adrian B Hehl
Jun 21, 2006·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Cheng-Hu LiuJulio Aliberti
Feb 27, 2007·Schizophrenia Bulletin·Vern B Carruthers, Yasuhiro Suzuki
May 30, 2008·International Journal for Parasitology·J P Dubey, J L Jones
Apr 25, 2009·Experimental Parasitology·Taísa Carrijo de OliveiraJosé Roberto Mineo
Jan 5, 2010·Experimental Parasitology·Erica S Martins-DuarteRossiane C Vommaro
Apr 30, 2010·Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz·Patricia EscobarElena Stashenko
Oct 19, 2010·Indian Journal of Pediatrics·Anita Shet
Feb 26, 2011·Immunological Reviews·Melba MunozMarkus M Heimesaat
Mar 23, 2011·Parasitology International·Maria das Graças Freire de MedeirosRegina Celia Bressan Queiroz Figueiredo
May 10, 2011·Trends in Parasitology·Reed Pifer, Felix Yarovinsky
Oct 25, 2011·Journal of Pediatric Health Care : Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners·Alyson Kaye
Apr 12, 2012·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Florence Robert-Gangneux, Marie-Laure Dardé
Aug 18, 2012·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM·L GoriF Firenzuoli
Oct 23, 2012·Pharmacological Reports : PR·Edson L PonteAna M S Assreuy
Dec 12, 2013·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·María Llana-Ruiz-CabelloAna María Cameán
Sep 1, 2011·European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology·C Alvarado-EsquivelO Liesenfeld
Feb 15, 2014·The Journal of Parasitology·Tracey L SchultzVern B Carruthers
May 9, 2014·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Claudio B S OliveiraValter F Andrade-Neto

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Sep 17, 2020·Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz·Ywlliane da Silva Rodrigues MeurerClaudio Bruno Silva de Oliveira
Feb 10, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Raafat M ShaapanHossein Mahmoudvand
May 5, 2021·Archives of Microbiology·Roger Henrique Sousa da CostaIrwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
Aug 17, 2021·Journal of Parasitology Research·Maryam NikkhooAbbas Gholipour

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
chromosomal aberration

Software Mentioned

GraphPad

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.