Antibiotic and Antiinflammatory Therapy Transiently Reduces Inflammation and Hypercoagulation in Acutely SIV-Infected Pigtailed Macaques.

PLoS Pathogens
Ivona PandreaCristian Apetrei

Abstract

Increased chronic immune activation and inflammation are hallmarks of HIV/SIV infection and are highly correlated with progression to AIDS and development of non-AIDS comorbidities, such as hypercoagulability and cardiovascular disease. Intestinal dysfunction resulting in microbial translocation has been proposed as a lead cause of systemic immune activation and hypercoagulability in HIV/SIV infection. Our goal was to assess the biological and clinical impact of a therapeutic strategy designed to reduce microbial translocation through reduction of the microbial content of the intestine (Rifaximin-RFX) and of gut inflammation (Sulfasalazine-SFZ). RFX is an intraluminal antibiotic that was successfully used in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. SFZ is an antiinflammatory drug successfully used in patients with mild to moderate inflammatory bowel disease. Both these clinical conditions are associated with increased microbial translocation, similar to HIV-infected patients. Treatment was administered for 90 days to five acutely SIV-infected pigtailed macaques (PTMs) starting at the time of infection; seven untreated SIVsab-infected PTMs were used as controls. RFX+SFZ were also administered for 90 days to three chronically SIVsab...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 10, 2016·Frontiers in Immunology·Benjamin B PolicicchioCristian Apetrei
Sep 15, 2016·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Joseph C Mudd, Jason M Brenchley
Jun 24, 2017·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·Alison KearnsXuebin Qin
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Jan 22, 2015·Current HIV/AIDS Reports·Ivona PandreaCristian Apetrei
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Nov 12, 2019·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Tianyu HeIvona Pandrea
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Dec 29, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Adam J KleinmanCristian Apetrei
Apr 1, 2021·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Stephanie M DillonKristine M Erlandson

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJNA296587

Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsies
PCR
density gradient centrifugation
flow
protein array
ELISA

Software Mentioned

nlme
Miseq
FIJI
FlowJo
vegan R package
Miseq Control
R
SINA
MiSeq Reporter
Explicit

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