Antibiotic susceptibilities of mycoplasmas and treatment of mycoplasmal infections

The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
D Taylor-Robinson, C Bébéar

Abstract

Mycoplasmas are the smallest free-living microorganisms, being about 300 nm in diameter. They are bounded by a triple-layered membrane and, unlike conventional bacteria, do not have a rigid cell wall. Hence, they are not susceptible to penicillins and other antibiotics that act on this structure. They are, however, susceptible to a variety of other broad-spectrum antibiotics, most of which only inhibit their multiplication and do not kill them. The tetracyclines have always been in the forefront of antibiotic usage, particularly for genital tract infections, but macrolides are also widely used for respiratory tract infections. Indeed, in comparison with the tetracyclines, erythromycin, the newer macrolides, the ketolides and the newer quinolones have equal or sometimes greater activity. The two latter antibiotic groups also have some cidal activity. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of several mycoplasmas of human origin are presented, those of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium being similar. Apart from the penicillins, mycoplasmas are innately resistant to some other antibiotics, for example the rifampicins. In addition, some may develop resistance, either by gene mutation or by acquisition of a resistance g...Continue Reading

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