Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells and Low Dose of IL-2 in Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Frontiers in Immunology
M PhamJose Luis Vela

Abstract

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in preventing effector T-cell (Teff) targeting of self-antigens that can lead to tissue destruction in autoimmune settings, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Autoimmunity is caused in part by an imbalance between Teff and Tregs. Early attempts to treat with immunosuppressive agents have led to serious side effects, thus requiring a more targeted approach. Low-dose IL-2 (LD IL-2) can provide immunoregulation with few side effects by preferentially acting on Tregs to drive tolerance. The concept of LD IL-2 as a therapeutic approach is supported by data in mouse models where autoimmunity is cured and further strengthened by success in human clinical studies in hepatitis C virus-induced vasculitis, chronic graft-versus-host disease, and Alopecia areata. Treatment will require identification of a safe therapeutic window, which is a difficult task given that patients are reported to have deficient or defective IL-2 production or signaling and have experienced mild activation of NK cells and eosinophils with LD IL-2 therapy. In T1D, an LD IL-2 clinical trial concluded that Tregs can be safely expanded in humans; however, the study was not designed to address efficacy. Antigen-specific t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 5, 2017·British Journal of Pharmacology·Andrew P Sage, Ziad Mallat
Aug 22, 2018·Journal of Cellular Biochemistry·Jinling ChenYinong Duan
Sep 1, 2018·Frontiers in Immunology·Charles J KrogerRoland M Tisch
Apr 5, 2018·Frontiers in Immunology·Moanaro BiswasRoland W Herzog
Nov 23, 2017·Frontiers in Immunology·Nicholas A J DawsonMegan K Levings

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