Antimicrobial activity of crude epicarp and seed extracts from mature avocado fruit (Persea americana) of three cultivars

Pharmaceutical Biology
Teck Wah Raymond Chia, Gary A Dykes

Abstract

The epicarp and seed of Persea Americana Mill. var. Hass (Lauraceae), Persea Americana Mill. var. Shepard, and Persea americana Mill. var Fuerte cultivars of mature avocados (n = 3) were ground separately and extracted with both absolute ethanol and distilled water. Extracts were analyzed for antimicrobial activity using the microtiter broth microdilution assay against four Gram-positive bacteria, six Gram-negative bacteria, and one yeast. Antimicrobial activity against two molds was determined by the hole plate method. The ethanol extracts showed antimicrobial activity (104.2-416.7 microg/mL) toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (except Escherichia coli), while inhibition of the water extracts was only observed for Listeria monocytogenes (93.8-375.0 microg/mL) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (354.2 microg/mL). The minimum concentration required to inhibit Zygosaccharomyces bailii was 500 microg/mL for the ethanol extracts, while no inhibition was observed for the water extracts. No inhibition by either ethanol or water extracts was observed against Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus flavus.

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Citations

May 18, 2013·BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine·Adelina Jiménez-ArellanesLilián Yépez-Mulia
Nov 22, 2016·Journal of Food Science·Carmen Salinas-SalazarAdriana Pacheco
Sep 27, 2019·Antioxidants·Deep Jyoti BhuyanKonstantinos Papoutsis
Sep 3, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Sheila Salles de CarvalhoJosé Djair Vendramim
Mar 21, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Margarida FaustinoManuela Pintado
Jul 30, 2020·Food Science & Nutrition·Yaseen GalaliS Mohammad Sajadi
Jan 6, 2021·Antibiotics·Igor Trujillo-MayolJulio Alarcón-Enos
Aug 9, 2021·Biometals : an International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine·Olukemi Adetutu OsukoyaHenry A Adeola
Jul 9, 2013·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Dariana Graciela Rodríguez-SánchezCarmen Hernández-Brenes

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