Antimicrobial dispensing practices and determinants of antimicrobial resistance: a qualitative study among community pharmacists in Pakistan

Family Medicine and Community Health
Zikria SaleemFahad Saleem

Abstract

There are concerns with the extent of dispensing of antibiotics among community pharmacists in Pakistan often without a prescription adding to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates. To explore the determinants of AMR and the pattern of antimicrobial dispensing among community pharmacists. In this qualitative study design, a semistructured interview guide was developed based on an in-depth review of published papers. Audio-recorded interviews with transcripts were analysed by thematic content analysis. Interviews were conducted among community pharmacists in Lahore, Pakistan. In order to obtain individual points of view, in-depth face-to-face interviews with purposively selected pharmacists were conducted. A total of 12 pharmacists were interviewed for the study. After analysis, four major themes emerged: (1) knowledge and perception of community pharmacists about antimicrobials, (2) antimicrobial dispensing practices of community pharmacists, (3) determinants of AMR, (4) potential interventions to control AMR. Most of the pharmacists have limited knowledge about AMR, antimicrobial stewardship programmes and related guidelines. However, all the pharmacists strongly agreed that different appropriate actions should be taken in orde...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 8, 2019·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·Aubrey Kalungia, Brian Godman
Feb 18, 2021·Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation : C/E·Zikria SaleemZaheer-Ud-Din Babar
May 27, 2021·Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy·Zikria SaleemMuhammad Azmi Hassali
Jul 9, 2021·Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare·Muhammad AnwarFahad Saleem
Jul 10, 2021·Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research·Brian GodmanJohanna C Meyer

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