Antimicrobial resistance issues of the future
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance among respiratory pathogens has the potential to reduce the efficacy of standard dosage regimens for many oral drugs. The goal of antimicrobial therapy is to maximize bactericidal activity. The duration of time that serum concentrations exceed the MIC is the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameter that determines efficacy for beta-lactams, macrolides, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Studies in animal models suggest that serum levels of beta-lactams need to exceed the MIC for about half of the dosing interval to obtain maximum antimicrobial efficacy. Studies in children with acute otitis media also demonstrate that serum concentrations need to exceed the MIC for 40% or more of the dosing interval to obtain bacteriologic cure in over 85% of patients. With the oral beta-lactams used against penicillin-resistant Streptotoccus pneumoniae, this goal is obtained only with amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate. For Haemophilus influenzae, several beta-lactams including cefixime, cefpodoxime, and amoxicillin/clavulanate provide serum levels with the longest durations above the MIC. Antimicrobial resistance has also stimulated the search for new potent antimicrobials, altered but effective dosin...Continue Reading
References
Correlation of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic parameters with therapeutic efficacy in an animal model
Citations
Optimal management of community-acquired acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: the allergist's perspective
Extended infusion compared to standard infusion cefepime as empiric treatment of febrile neutropenia
Related Concepts
Related Feeds
Antimicrobial Resistance (ASM)
Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to the continued successful use of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Antifungals (ASM)
An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.
Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to the continued successful use of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Antifungals
An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.