Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Tentative Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Five Bacillus Species Relevant for Use as Animal Feed Additives or for Plant Protection

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Yvonne AgersøBea Nielsen

Abstract

Bacillus megaterium (n = 29), Bacillus velezensis (n = 26), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (n = 6), Bacillus paralicheniformis (n = 28), and Bacillus licheniformis (n = 35) strains from different sources, origins, and time periods were tested for the MICs for nine antimicrobial agents by the CLSI-recommended method (Mueller-Hinton broth, 35°C, for 18 to 20 h), as well as with a modified CLSI method (Iso-Sensitest [IST] broth, 37°C [35°C for B. megaterium], 24 h). This allows a proposal of species-specific epidemiological cutoff values (ECOFFs) for the interpretation of antimicrobial resistance in these species. MICs determined by the modified CLSI method were 2- to 16-fold higher than with the CLSI-recommended method for several antimicrobials. The MIC distributions differed between species for five of the nine antimicrobials. Consequently, use of the modified CLSI method and interpretation of resistance by use of species-specific ECOFFs is recommended. The genome sequences of all strains were determined and used for screening for resistance genes against the ResFinder database and for multilocus sequence typing. A putative chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene was found in one B. megaterium strain with an elevated chloramph...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 14, 2019·Microorganisms·Aaron LernerTorsten Matthias
Nov 22, 2019·Journal of Medical Microbiology·Zainab BandalizadehSeyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi
Jul 21, 2020·EFSA Journal·UNKNOWN EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP)Andrew Chesson
Apr 4, 2021·Microorganisms·Mohamad Syazwan NgalimatSuriana Sabri

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