Antimony (Sb) and lead (Pb) in contaminated shooting range soils: Sb and Pb mobility and immobilization by iron based sorbents, a field study

Journal of Hazardous Materials
Gudny OkkenhaugJan Mulder

Abstract

Small-arm shooting ranges often receive a significant input of lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and antimony (Sb) from ammunition. The goal of the present study was to investigate the mobility, distribution and speciation of Pb and Sb pollution under field conditions in both untreated and sorbent-amended shooting range soil. Elevated Sb (19-349μgL(-1)) and Pb (7-1495μgPbL(-1)) concentrations in the porewater of untreated soil over the four-year test period indicated a long-term Sb and Pb source to the adjacent environment in the absence of remedial measures. Mixing ferric oxyhydroxide powder (CFH-12) (2%) together with limestone (1%) into the soil resulted in an average decrease of Sb and Pb porewater concentrations of 66% and 97%, respectively. A similar reduction was achieved by adding 2% zerovalent iron (Fe°) to the soil. The remediation effect was stable over the four-year experimental period indicating no remobilization. Water- and 1M NH4NO3-extractable levels of Sb and Pb in field soil samples indicated significant immobilization by both treatments (89-90% for Sb and 89-99% for Pb). Results from sequential extraction analysis indicate fixation of Sb and Pb in less accessible fractions like amorphous iron oxides or even more crystal...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 11, 2016·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Yu-Xian ShangguanNaiming Zhang
May 30, 2017·Environmental Pollution·Yasuo Mitsui Nakamaru, Francisco José Martín Peinado
Mar 29, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Amit KumarKrishna K Yadav
Mar 8, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Espen MariussenArnljot Einride Strømseng
Jul 1, 2017·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Ricardo Urrutia-GoyesNancy Ornelas-Soto
Jan 16, 2019·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Karolina Lewińska, Anna Karczewska
Jun 6, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Ling XiaoChi Zhang
Nov 30, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Lingchen MaoHaifeng Wen
Jul 29, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Ali Daryabeigi ZandAzar Vaezi Heir
Feb 18, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Lilian Rodrigues Rosa SouzaMárcia Andreia Mesquita Silva da Veiga
Dec 5, 2020·Chemosphere·Amanda J BarkerWilliam A Martin
Oct 24, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Shi-Feng LuLing Xu
Feb 5, 2021·Environmental Pollution·Qiao XuJiyan Shi
Dec 24, 2017·The Science of the Total Environment·Susan TandyRainer Schulin
Mar 9, 2021·Heliyon·Clayton R JohnsonEdward J O'Loughlin
Apr 14, 2021·Environmental Geochemistry and Health·Andrés Reigosa-AlonsoAndrés Rodríguez-Seijo
Sep 27, 2020·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Zhinan XuWenjun Shu
Oct 3, 2020·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Zaifu YangTong Zhu
Jul 31, 2021·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Farzana KasturyAlbert L Juhasz
Dec 7, 2017·Environmental Science & Technology·François RenardGudny Okkenhaug

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